Process of making fatty compounds for use as turkey-red oils.



ALEXANDER SCHMI'IZ, 0F HEERDT, NEAR DUSSELDORF, GERMANY.

EROCESS OF MAKING FATTY GOMPOUNDS FOR USE AS TURKEY-RED OILS.

senses.

lilo Drawing.

Specification of Zetters 2atent.

Application filed July 31, 1907. Serial No. 386,391.

Patented July 19, 1910.

(Specimens) post-office address is Heerdt, near DusseL- dorf, Prussia,German Empire, have invented a new and useful Process of ManufacturingFatty Compounds for Use as Turkey-Red Oils; and I do hereby declare thatthe following is a full, clear, and exact description of my invention,which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same.

The present invention has for its object the hereinafter describedimprovement upon the process of manufacturing fatty compounds for use asTurkey red oils described in Tatent No. 861,397 granted July 30, 1907.According to the above prior process a mixture of fatty oxy-acidcompound and castor oil or other fatty oils or fats has to be heated upto 40-100 C. and cooled back to the room temperature before it issubjected to the sulfonation step. Now I have discovered that a perfectsulfonation of the said mixture can be obtained without previouslyheating and subsequently recooling the mixture. This discovery is ofgreat practical importance for the reason that, as any expert will atonce admit, the heating of the fatty mixture is a troublesome operationrequiring careful watching by an ex erienced man; moreover, theconsumption 0 fuel and the heating appliances needed involvecorresponding expenses whereby the product is rendered more costly. Itis by the application of. my said new discovery that l have succeeded ingetting rid of these inconveniences without doing harm to the specificpeculiarities of the product nor reducing the yield of the process.

In carrying out the improved process 1 proceed as follows: I take fattyoxyacid compounds obtained from fatty substances having the character ofcastor oil, that isto say castor oil itself,'.similar fatty oils, andfats of the vegetable-and animal kingdoms or mixtures of castor oil, orsimilar fatty oils and fats with other fatty oils, fats or fatty acids,such as oleic acid, olein, ricinolic acid and the like. v

The substances used of the character of castor oil are intended to bethe known subistitutes for castor oil,'in so far as the manufacture ofTurkeyred 011s and their substitutes is concerned. Suchsubstances arefor instance the following :l. olive oil, almond oil, arachis oil, rapeoil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, and the like non-drying oils; 2.sunflower oil, linseed oil, hemp oil and the like drying oils; 3.cocoanut oil, palm oil, beef tallow, mutton fat and the like solid oilsand fats; 4. free fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, thefatty acid of cotton-seed oil and the like. These fatty oxyacidcompounds are produced in the usual manner which is as follows: Castoroil or its desired substitute is sulfonated by split up and the sulfuricacid completely dlsengaged from the oil. By this means the oil isrendered completely insoluble in water and, as is known, is transformedinto the corresponding fatty oxy-acid compound.

The fatty oXy-acid compound being washed thoroughly free from sulfuricacid and dehydrated, is mixed in the mixing vat with castor oil or othersimilarly acting fatty oils or fats at ordinary temperature. The mixtureas it is, that is to say without being previously heated and cooled backto the room temperature, is sulfonated by means of sulfuric acid in themanner usual in the manufacture of Turkey-red oil, and allowed to standuntil a sample of-the sulfonation product mixed with some alkalidissolves in hot lime water without separat ing out insoluble lime-soap,forming a limpid iquor. When this is obtained, the mixture resultingfrom the reaction is well washed with pure water or an alkaline water,and allowed to standfor-one or two days, when the oily product, that hascollected on the surface is drawn off from the under lye and finallymixed with alkali so proportioned as to produce an acid or a neutral ora basic oil according to requirements. If desired, the oily roduct drawnoff from the under lye may e transformed into soap by boiling it with analkali.

The process is not limited toany strict mixing proportions between thefatty oxyacid compounds and oil or fat, as such proportions may varywithin wide limits (25-7 5 per cent. of fatty oxy-acid compound to 75-25per cent. of oil or fat).

The second sulfonation has the effect of sulfonating both the oxy acidand the oil not sulfonated mixed therewith. The object is to manufacturean oil which shall be soluble in water at the same time presentinghydroxyl groups (HO) for reaction with the alumina or other metallicoxid present in the mordant. The oxy-acid is that component to which thehydroxyl cups are bound. However, this oxy-acid is insoluble in waterand therefore it must be sulfonated as well as the oil to be combinedtherewith which is likewise insoluble in water inthe unsulfonated state.The proportion of oxy-acid depends upon the degree of reactivity or theamount of hydroxyl groups desired by the user of the oil to be presentin the latter. The h droxyl groups are split off by the action 0 themetal salt present in the mordant and replaced by the oxid of said salt,for instance, alumina. The more hydroxyl groups which are replaced byalumina, the more color will be deposited upon the fiber, and viceversa. Therefore if deep shades are to be produced, an oil must be usedthat is correspondingly rich in hydroxyl groups, whereas an 011 lessrich in said groups must be used when lighter shades are to be produced.On the other hand there are dyers who like to use thinned oils (dilutedwith much water), whereas others like to operate with concentrated oils.Now, in order to obtain the same effect the oils for preparing the thinsolution required in the first case must be provided with more hydroxylgroup, that is to say, must have a greater pro ortion of oxy acid thanthe oil employe for preparing the concentrated solutlon of oil in water.Thus each individual dyer desires to have in the oil that percentage ofoxy acid which he considers most suited for his purpose and suchercentage as he desires 18 used by the app icant in manufacturin theoil. The percentage of alkali is varied according to the request of theuser to be furnished with an acid soap, or a neutral soap or a basicsoap. 1

Acid oils are used in the operations of dyeing and printing withalizarin colors (Turkey red). .For this purpose so much alkali is addedto, or'incorporated into, the oil obtained by the second sulfonation,that it shows a weak acid reaction when tested with litmus-pa er. Thespecial degree of acidity desired y'the user 1s then produced biyiK tireuser himself by further addition of a a 1.

Neutral oils are principally used in the colors, sulfur colors and thelike.

be totally removed by merely washing with water. They are prepared bycombining the oil obtained by the sulfonation of the mixture of oxy-acidand oil not sulfonated with so much alkali that the oil shows a neutralreaction when tested with litmus paper.

Basic oils are added to the dyes used for dyeing wool and half-wool,especially to acid dyes, in order to equalize the coloration and toprotect the fibers. They are further used in dyeing cotton and half-silkwith basic And in the operation of dressing fabrics with dextrin theyare employed as a softening agent. They are prepared by combining withthe oil obtained by the sulfonation of the mixture of oxy acid and oilnot sulfonated, so much alkali that upon test with an alcoholic solutionof phenolphthalein a slightly red coloration is produced.

Soaps are used as a brightening agent in dyeing and printing with Turkeyred colors and other alizarin colors especially where the. water atdisposal is a hard water, because no separation of lime-soap takes placewhen the improved soaps are dissolved in hard water. They are furthermade use of in the operation of fulling wool as also for scouring rawsilk.

In order to obtain a soap, for instance, 500 kg. of oxy acid are mixedwith 500 kg. of olive oil or another oil, the mixture is sulfonated andallowed to stand until a sample shows it to be perfectly soluble indistilled water to which some alkali has been added. Then the product iswashed with water, and allowed to stratify when the under lye iscarefully drawn off and the sulfonation product placed in a vesselrovided with a stirrer and intimately mixed therein with 700 liters of asoda lye of 20 B. If upon test with an alcoholic solution ofphenolphthalein a slightly red coloration appears, then the soap will beready, otherwise the addition of soda lye must be continued until thesaid reaction is obtained.

Having fully described my invention, what Idesire to claim, and secureby Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. The process of making fatty compounds for use as Turkey-red oils,which consists in sulfonating a fatty substance, treating the productwith water to obtain an oxy-acid com ound, mixing said oxyacid compoundwlth un-sulfonated oil, sulfonating the mixture, allowing it to standuntil the proper degree of solubility has been attained, washin allowingthe oily product to stand in.or er to stratify, drawing off the productand mixing with alkali.

2. The process of making fatty compounds for use as Turkey-red oils,which consists in sulfonating a fatty substance, treating the productwith water to obtain an oxy-acid compound, mixing said oxyacid compoundwith un-sulfonated oil, resulfonating the mixture washing, drawing 03the product and mixing with alkali.

3. The process of making fatty compounds for use as Turkey-red oils,which consists in sulfonating castor-oil, treating the product withwater to obtain an oxyacid compound, mixing said oxy-acid compound withun-sulfonated oil, sulfonating the mixture, allowing it to stand untilthe proper degree of solubility has been attained, washing, allowing theoily product to stand in order to stratify, drawing ofi" the product andmixing with alkali.

4. The process of making fatty com pounds for use as Turkey-red oils,which consists in sulfonating castor-oil, treating the product withwater to obtain an oxyacid compound, mixing said oxy-acid compound withun-sulfonated oil, resulfonatin the mixture,'washing, drawing ofi theprod not and mixing with an alkah.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

ALEXANDER SCHMITZ.

Witnesses M. ENGELS, ALFRED POHLMEYER.

